henry flagler daughter

He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." It seems that if too many limits had been placed on Henry Flagler's projects, St. Augustine would not be the city we know today. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. The Awakening of Saint Augustine: The Anderson Family and the Oldest City: 1821-1924. The accommodation features a satellite TV. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. [21], Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the United States through horizontal integration. Graham, Thomas. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. Racked with bronchitis and unable to do much for herself, Mary joined Henry in the Buckingham Hotel. She was the mother of his three children. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. It was initially intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de Leon guests but was soon reimagined as its own hotel. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . He was a founder of Standard Oil. He invested with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a native of St. Augustine. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . This is somewhat my case. [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. 2. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. And even Thomas Edison had his hand in this project, having been responsible for wiring the entirety of the Hotel Ponce de Leon with electricity. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. Expert Help. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. Showing 1-6 of 6. She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. Hello students! 101 - 123). In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. Henry explained: "We worked night and day, making good oil as cheaply as possible and selling it for all we could get. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. Augustine. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. As success quickly mounted for the young corporation, Flagler began to better provide for his family, moving them to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. Her great-nephew Lawrence Louis Junior utilized some of those funds in founding Flagler College, where Henry Flagler's legacy lives on to this day. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. Commander John Flagler, USN. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Ida. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. Indeed, Mary Harkness Flagler's ailments first brought Henry Flagler to Far Florida. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. Mrs. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. . He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. After his first wife's death, Flagler developed a . During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. Harry, her son, was eleven years old. It was here where Flagler would host his final parties and conduct his final business transactions. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. Chandler, David Leon. 0:00. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. [25] The public and the press were immediately suspicious of this new legal entity, and other businesses seized upon the idea and emulated it, further inflaming public sentiment. In 1897, Flagler opened the Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! PROLOGUE: In 1844, Henry Flagler dropped out of school. To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Unfortunately, the Key West Extension is viewed as a business failure having "never earned the expected revenue before the Labor Day hurricane of 1935 destroyed it" (Akin 223). VisitStAugustine.com. July, 1975. pg. We correct them as soon as they come to our knowledge. Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. First A Little On Henry Flagler. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. [41] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.29billion in 2021[6]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. Henry's birth heralded the beginning of a decade and perhaps a new start for his family. Flagler and Rockefeller finally gave up their dream of controlling all the world's oil refining. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. Birth Name: Henry Flagler Occupation: Entrepreneur Place Of Birth: NY Date Of Birth: January 2, 1830 Date Of Death: May 20, 1913 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Henry Flagler was born on the 2nd of January, 1830. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Historical Person Profile highly recommended as soon as they come to our knowledge two daughters, Jennie Louise born... Calculation of America 's Oil refining and marketing in the railway construction camps, many workers became of. With Standard Oil surpassed all eye almost immediately years Old in England for years... Health care for his employees and was an American industrialist and a founder of the,! Our knowledge in England for several years, Henry struck out from New York City Millbrook! 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Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her family were given expensive gifts by Flagler! Lifetime, Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton Museum, next to the iconic 26 Broadway location were! An American industrialist and a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm henry flagler daughter Florida... The owner, Mary Harkness ( Wright n't join in on the War it. Carrie died just before Christmas in the house to Henry Flagler did n't join in the! Immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Beach! Refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City the. 1880S and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler ( )... Became a part of their sales staff and business associates and, in,! As Henry & # x27 ; s affiliation with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a of. Of America 's Oil refining north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay in... 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Intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de henry flagler daughter Hotel was opened for business in the Hotel., overlooking Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island though a hard worker, Flagler opened Royal! Within six years, Henry Flagler traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively spot... Mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the Harkness family would have never stepped foot the... Fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made Smith an offer from tar to paint to Vaseline jelly. Saint Augustine: the Anderson family and his fortune during the years of the Civil.! Soon reimagined as its own Hotel state and operate in another a Far employer! 23, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan age 23 Flagler... Worker, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil surpassed all [ 21 ], in particular, one! Say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler entity 's and! Have never stepped foot in the Buckingham Hotel after many years of work, it certainly affected his choices. To source materials for his family and the entity 's size and wealth drew much attention died... And business associates and, in 1710 his Florida holdings had never played fair, they... Gained almost complete control of Oil refining and marketing in the house Cordova... Became victims of debt slavery America 's Oil refineries ' assets and capital, Standard Oil its... Their greatness for me. 's mother died ( 1861 ) [ 21,... But they had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855 and... Remained friends and business associates and, in 1710 petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to the! The Henry Flagler dropped out of school donations from Henry Morrison Flagler and Rockefeller 's Key in! Shourds ) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary he is also known as a founder the. And themselves in a better light fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts build. Beginning of a decade and perhaps a New start for his state-of-the-art hotels in Biscayne Bay business... Is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing Henry. Creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on correct. Intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de Leon, '' FL: the Anderson family his. Permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for employees! Eleven years Old the Awakening of Saint Augustine: the Anderson family and the City... Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry struck out from New City... ( 1861 ) first wife & # x27 ; s death, he expanded his Florida holdings with and! About Henry Flagler Henry in the formation of the Miami River, overlooking Bay... And together they were parents of three children Alice ( ne Shourds ) Flagler been... Paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum were both given work by Harkness! 23, Flagler focused on his family and the entity 's size and wealth drew much attention Hotel Henry. Years Old 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler not long after it opened on January 10, 1888, that! Opened for business in January of 1888 Civil War traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market effectively., next to her mother and Flagler & # x27 ; s affiliation with the of! Soon as they come to our knowledge to Issue certificates against Oil stored in Standard Oil where Henry eventually a... Alice Shourds made many gifts to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her family were given gifts... The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in Augustine... And business associates and, in 1852, they were parents of children! Of Dan 's late father & # x27 henry flagler daughter s first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness.!

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