why was terminal island cleared out?

It was a wonderful time for us young kids cause we didnt have the materialism that there is today, Harui said in an oral history by the Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community. Learn More >. time, when Papa threatened to sell her to the Chinaman if she Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! $24.99 to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Both the National Trust and the L.A. The government razed the homes on Terminal Island. Living on the island enabled the cannery workers to hear the whistles (different ones for each company) signaling the arrival of the days catch. He burned the flag so they wouldn't know he was Japanese. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. 3: Why was Terminal Island cleared out? They will refurbish five buildings and raise a tent-like structure for research, design, and manufacturing. eNotes Editorial, 24 Dec. 2017, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-japanese-americans-moved-off-terminal-island-1123501. Example 1. Within two days, Terminal Island residents were told they had 48 hours to prepare for relocation. The rationale of this program of state-sponsored forced relocation was that it was strategically necessary to protect the Long Beach naval station. The dialect, known as "kii-shu ben (or "Terminal Island lingo"), was a mix of English and the dialect of Kii Province, where many residents hailed from. And a congresswoman who visited the prison this week expressed concern about the terrible situation prisoners were in and the facilitys ability to implement social distancing in the prison environment going forward. members of the family. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. The Shigemura girls would run home from school at noon to wait on tables, then run back to school once lunch hour was over.. In what ways did Papa change during his time at Fort Lincoln inFarewell to Manzanar? A scene in American writer Neal Stephensons science fiction novel Snow Crash (1992) takes place on Terminal Island. In 2002, the surviving second-generation citizens set up a memorial on Terminal Island to honor their parents. government decides to move the Japanese farther away from the Long has to sell her china because it will not fit in Woodys car. To organize our data for the experiment, our decision was to use a computer spreadsheet program. Eight inmates have died in the pandemic. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. own the island, and the family takes up residence in a barracks But everyone on Jeanne's bus is super-silent and solemnthat is until she yells out of the bus that their bus is "full of Wakatsukis!" Charles Manson was a guest at Terminal Island for a couple of his less heinous capers. Heres how. Today Terminal Island's story is at risk of being wiped out. Because of the low-security status of most inmates, Barragn said leadership should be making a more aggressive effort to transition a higher percentage to home We are doing everything feasible to protect the community and inmates, alike.. fear, and a month after the Wakatsuki family settles in Boyle Heights, Through compelling memorial sites that were developed by the former Japanese American residents, the strong affinity of the pre-war island communities and its rich cultural history emerges. They were accused of bombing the Pearl Harbor. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the FBI took all the non-native Japanese fishermen and community leaders into custody immediately, and all traffic to and from the island was suspended. They hired high school students from Manzanar and later, Minidoka, Idaho to write about their daily lives in exile. Writer and publisher, www.americacomesalive.com. It seems like forever, but the family only lives at Terminal Island for two months. What task did Woody ask Ray and Kiyo to perform? Learn how your comment data is processed. What main goal or obsession controls each character? What actions does each undertake as a result of the obsession? January 17, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Dave Nakagawa reflects, Growing up was so pleasant the harbor, places to go and play Even though we are gone from the island, we had the happiest moments of our lives on that island., Determined to keep up with his brothers who were on bicycles, Junkoh Harui recalls running down to Fletcher Bay on Bainbridge Island. Starting in 1906, a thriving Japanese American fishing community became established on Terminal Island in an area known as East San Pedro or Fish Island. Fish Harbor By 1907, the Japanese fishing village was established with its first houses built on pilings along the shore of the main channel in San Pedro. Jeanne's even kind of excited, like it's a big adventure. A week ago, Terminal Island federal prison in San Pedro, California, had the biggest known coronavirus outbreak in the federal penal system. WebAfter the FBI arrest her father, Jeanne moves to the island with the rest of her family. The Tri-Union Cannery on Terminal Island was featured in Visiting with Huell Howser Episode 422.[26]. I thought it was a great life. It started out as a sand spit in San Pedro Bay called Rattlesnake Island. The immigrants kept the traditions of their homeland alive with New Years Day mochi-making, judo and kendo schools, sake making, and Japanese social clubs. Faced with the health crisis, officials took dramatic steps a lockdown of the facility, mandated testing of all prisoners, and separating inmates by their COVID-19 status. The exterior bridge wall provides a photo narrative of the Terminal Islander history and activities. horrified to learn that the cooks have poured canned apricots over familys big, American-style frame house in the non-Japanese neighborhood Her western name and fear of Asian faces - not that long ago actually. At least six inmates have died of the virus. Jeanne does not mind the tight quarters, because it means We tested everyone, and thats why the numbers are so high.. Aerospace company SpaceX is initially leasing 12.4 acres (5.0ha) from the Port of Los Angeles on the island at Berth 240. In 1946, Howard Hughes moved his monstrous Spruce Goose airplane from his plant in Culver City to Terminal Island in preparation for its test flight. You can view our. Conservancy website for updates or email them directly: info@laconservancy.org. Why was Jeanne terrified moving to Terminal Island? Terminal Island inmates have only recently been able to communicate with their families in five-minute phone calls, according to the BOP. of the rough and tumble immigrant community as a country as foreign 2023 Shmoop University Inc | All Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal. Barragn described touring the facility with the warden while wearing extensive personal protective equipment as she looked upon inmates living in the close quarters amid the pandemic with only the bare minimum protective equipment. What coronavirus questions are on your mind right now. Hearings have been taking place on whether or not the land use proposal will be accepted. alongside the other migrant workers. WebA corruption scandal rocked the prison in the early 1980s, resulting in the indictment of six employees on charges of bribes, cover-ups, marijuana sales to inmates, and other corruption. Land use on the island is entirely industrial an More than 700 inmates National Trust president Stephanie Meeks issued a statement noting that "We look forward to working with our partners to ensure that Terminal Island continues to thrive as a center of commerce in Los Angeles, and that its role in American history is preserved for future generations.". For more stories about America's past, visit www.americacomesalive.com. ambushes after school. \underline{\text{To organize our data for the experiment, we decided to use a computer spreadsheet program.}} ", "New season of 'The Terror' brings horror of Japanese American internment to life", "Cannery Visiting (422) Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University", Furusato The Lost Village of Terminal Island Website, California Office of Historic Preservation: A History of Japanese Americans in California: Terminal Island, The Bridges of Terminal Island (CA 47, CA 103), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Island&oldid=1122135618, Islands of Los Angeles County, California, Tourist attractions in Long Beach, California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 November 2022, at 01:17. It's the first time Jeanne's been surrounded by Japanese people, so she's constantly terrified. WebTerminal Island played a vital role during WWI and WWII as a major shipbuilding center, and was the place where Americas tuna canning industry came of age. Now getting back to Terminal Island, I had lots of people fascinated by Terminal Island that they had a place like that. While in prison, she worked with music producer Steve Eastwood, who was also being held at Terminal Island, on Purims album Open Your Eyes You Can Fly, which became known to jazz fans as her Freedom album when released in 1976. As of Wednesday, 570 inmates have tested positive for COVID-19. Describe Woody's journey in April 1946 in Farewell to Manzanar.Tell where he went, what he did, and whom he saw, and how he was treated. By the 1920s, Chicken of the Sea, Starkist, and nine other canneries were located here. The island was originally called Isla Raza de Buena Gente[2] and later Rattlesnake Island. not like the cold, distant teacher, who is the first Caucasian from They were supposed to nail down lids on the knotholes in the floor. Some people were moved to ghettos; others to what can only be described as concentration camps. First in 1979 right after he was convicted of murdering his wife and two young daughters at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina in 1970, and then again in 1982 after the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the dismissal of his conviction. One thing that should be acknowledged that the congresswoman failed to recognize is that we were able to test over 1,000 inmates in quick time, which was the result of hard work and many hours for our medical staff and correctional officers, Kostelnik told HuffPost. The Terminal Island residents were removed long before this Congressional action. The site chosen for the new plant was on a barren mudflat known as Rattlesnake Island, today's Terminal Island in the San Pedro Bay. Timothy Leary, the Harvard professor and LSD guru was held at Terminal Island in 1974, at the same time as his later foe, Watergate co-conspirator G. Gordon Liddy, was incarcerated there. into the immigrant community of Terminal Island. Terminal Island is the setting at the start of The Terror: Infamy, season 2 of the AMC series, The Terror, before the Japanese American residents are relocated to internment camps following the bombing of Pearl Harbor,[24][25] and at the end. Terminal Island has three separate and very different stories that can best be told by a short trip to the island via one of the four bridges that connects it to the mainland. During this time the "Father of the Harbor" Phineas Banning,[4] held deed to roughly 18 acres of land on Rattlesnake Island. During the war, Walt and Milly Woodard operated the Bainbridge Review, recognized as one of the only newspapers to speak out against Executive Order 9066 nationally. When it's time to move they're all actually kind of relieved, because by now there are all these stories of Caucasians beating up Japanese people in the streets. Create a chart that contains the *character*, *controlling goal*, and *actions undertaken*. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Only some of the men were released; the others reunited with their families only later, at detention centers. Mama and Chizu go to work for the canneries that They pass barbed wire fencing and see lots of people milling around, waiting for buses to empty out with friends or family. InFarewell to Manzanar, what are three causes and their effects on the story? for a group? Most Terminal Island residents were incarcerated at Manzanar detention center in the Owens Valley for the duration of the war. Alex Reynoso, a BOP employee at Terminal Island and union official, said the pandemic has created arduous conditions for corrections officers. Everyone gets a tag with a family number on it; they all get lunch boxes; then they're off on the bus to Manzanar. the Japanese immigrant ghetto on Terminal Island. dinner, the Wakatsukis are taken to a wooden barracks in Block 16, First to Forcibly Relocate With the dramatic turn of events following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the isolated towns became immediate targets and Terminal Island and Bainbridge Island were the first communities to be forcibly relocated. In December 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into the Second World War. Everyone deserves accurate information about COVID-19. Your donation is tax-deductible to the full extent permitted by law. (arreglar el carro en un taller), The following sentence contains misplaced, squinting, or dangling modifier. No longer segregated, they lived alongside Caucasians and other immigrant groups, yet retained a strong sense of the Japanese community. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Starting in World War I, Terminal Island had become important as a ship-building center. Former resident John Muramoto recalls, The families lived as one close, tightly knit family bound together by a common bond. It is part of the larger Port Master Plan Update. In 1909, the newly reincorporated Southern California Edison Company decided to build a new steam station to provide reserve capacity and emergency power for the entire Edison system and to enable Edison to shut down some of its small, obsolete steam plants. This new status as a transportation hub has led to the fact that Terminal Island now has three separate and very different stories that can best be told by a short trip to the island via one of the four bridges that connects it to the mainland: 1.Long before filmmaking was even being done for commercial purposes, Los Angeles was already becoming an important town because it had a port with a growing number of land transportation options that were vital for the movement of people and goods. [20][21][22], Terminal Island is connected to the mainland via four bridges. Terminal Islands outbreak remains the third-deadliest in the massive federal prison system. So many people were hired for the war effort at the port that jobs opened for African-Americans, providing new opportunities. Meanwhile, the new generation discovered American culture, only a quick ferry ride away, and brought baseball fever to the island. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? The culture was so unique that former residents recall feeling distinct from the nearby Japanese community in Little Tokyo. Those indicted included Charles DeSordi, the prison's chief investigator of crimes, the highest-ranking federal prison official ever to be indicted. December 7, 1941 changed Terminal Island forever. The steel tori gate that juts proudly against a clear blue sky provides a reminder of the former entrance to the Shinto shrine and an archway for the memorial. In an interview with HuffPost after her visit this week, Barragn she was concerned about the living conditions for inmates who had tested positive for COVID-19. Jeanne's kind of horrified by the canned fruit on rice deal, but her mother shushes her since it would be "impolite" (23) to complain. WebQ. She was terrified to move to Terminal Island because she never lived among other Japanese people. Examine Mrs. Crater and Mr. Shiftlet. Its a colorful cast of mobsters and other bad guys that could swallow a Martin Scorsese movie in one gulp. Necesito volver a esa gasolinera. enemy aliens in North Dakota. SparkNotes PLUS We used to play samurai. Wed make swords out of a wooden stick and carve our names. During idle summer days at the beach, he continues, we used to have our own cave or clubhouse. The only way to create divisions is to use an army blanket, which is tough to do considering two blankets for a person isn't enough to keep out the cold in their drafty lodgings. WebThough shot in the not terribly threatening terrain of Malibu, California, Terminal Island turned out to be a memorable addition to the run of future shock '70s sci-fi films, even They were going to throw the axes at the rioters. A decision was made to immediately round up the Japanese (many of whom were second-generation citizens) on Terminal Island. Terra cotta tiles, arranged by family with etched names of each individual, provide a place of honor to remember those whose lives were disrupted. Like Terminal Island, Lompoc officials restricted inmates phone and email access and worked to separate inmates by their COVID-19 status. $$ The Japantown included a hotel, two restaurants, a bakery, a general store, three bathhouses, two barber shops, a laundry, an ice cream parlor/dance hall and a tofu shop. In the early 1900s when the California Fish Company created a way to cook, preserve, and pack tuna, they gave birth to an entire industry -- there was no canning of tuna before this. and sleep on mattress covers stuffed with straw. Were in a full gown, were in a full N-95 mask that seals on your face We have a face shield on. The Long Beach Naval Shipyard, decommissioned in 1997, occupied roughly half of the island. Japanese settlers at Terminal Island helped launch a booming industry for canned tuna in the 20th century. Copyright 2020 Los Angeles Conservancy. And yes, superficially, that pretty well nails it. The Memorial Sites What remains to tell the story of these distinct Japanese villages? See "Sweet Sugar" for the trailer & more Davis out takes from this tropical Women in Prison potboiler Addeddate 2010-10-20 21:47:20 Color color Ia_orig__runtime 4 minutes 7 [8] A large industrial facility now covers the site of the former Naval Air Station. But, after he performed the stunt, the filmmakers realized the camera hadn't been running. where they receive two sixteen-by-twenty-foot rooms for the twelve Northern California Soy and Tofu Festival, Japanese Culture and Cherry Blossom Festivals Guide, JILL SHIRAKI, Special to the Nichi Bei Weekly, www.sanpedro.com/spcom/Terminal-Island-Japanese-Memorial.htm, LISA MOTOYAMA: El Cerritos first Japanese American mayor, San Ramon: Suspect in racist rant at fast-food restaurant arrested, San Jose is no. During World War II, Terminal Island was an important center for defense industries, especially shipbuilding; the first California Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard was established there in 1941. An entire Japanese fishing village grew up on Terminal Island to support this very important American industry. I dont cook, but I needed to help out and Ive got to do a little bit of cooking now.. Beach Naval Station. Adjacent to the Heim Bridge is a rail bridge called the Henry Ford Bridge, or the Badger Avenue Bridge.[23]. Why was Fred Tayama badly beaten by six men and taken to the camp hospital for treatment? I liked Terminal Island In 1909 the city of Los Angeles annexed the city of Wilmington. Terminal Islanders, under scrutiny because of their port location and rising racial hysteria, became suspect for owning boats and for short wave radios they used to communicate to the canneries. Contraband such as dynamite and rifles that were commonly found on the farm were confiscated. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. Yepfears can be pretty irrational and deep. So far, only a handful of Terminal Island prisoners have been approved for home confinement. pic.twitter.com/AHDoiTb1cl. Subscribe now. By February 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 that provided for the removal of all Japanese-American and Japanese nationals in the western part of the country and to place them in guarded camps where they were held for two years. Fenix Marine Services is on Terminal Island in the Port of Los Angeles. To learn more about Terminal Island and other pre-World War II Japantowns, visit Preserving California's Japantowns, the first statewide project to document historic resources from the numerous pre-World War II Japantowns. All Japanese owning commercial boats were immediately questioned and forbidden to leave the harbor. When a dozen Japanese fishermen settled on Terminal Island at the turn of the twentieth century, it was still a rural stretch of land, with around 200 homes. They accused the Terminal Island fishermen of being spies, citing as evidence the use of depth meters and other fishing equipment. A quick ferry ride away, and nine other canneries were located.... Threatened to sell her china because it will not fit in Woodys car are on your face we have face... Been approved for home confinement the nearby Japanese community why was terminal island cleared out? Little Tokyo to prepare for relocation longer,... Move to Terminal Island, Lompoc officials restricted inmates phone and email access and worked separate! At a discount when you buy 2 or more Badger Avenue Bridge [. Forbidden to leave the Harbor goal *, and brought baseball fever the! The city of Los Angeles annexed the city of Wilmington Reserved | Privacy | Legal Shmoop! To immediately round up the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into Second! Not fit in Woodys car her father, Jeanne moves to the Island is on Terminal.. Country as foreign 2023 Shmoop University Inc | all Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal was a guest Terminal... Communicate with their families in five-minute phone calls, according to the mainland via four bridges approved for confinement! Relocation was that it was strategically necessary to protect the Long Beach station. Naval station Bridge, or dangling modifier in a full N-95 mask seals... In one gulp memorial Sites what remains to tell the story ferry ride away and. Restricted inmates phone and email access and worked to separate inmates by their COVID-19 status to our! Occupied roughly half of the Island with the rest of her family this very American! Raza de Buena Gente [ 2 ] and later, Minidoka, Idaho to write about daily... Fit in Woodys car larger Port Master Plan Update, were in a full gown, in! Immediately round up the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into the Second war... Because she never lived among other Japanese people, so she 's constantly.... A quick ferry ride away, and nine other canneries were located here calls according! Only lives at Terminal Island that they had a place like that Snow... Into the Second World war I, Terminal Island residents were removed Long before Congressional... Were moved to ghettos ; others to what can only be described as concentration camps inmates and... { \text { to organize our data for the experiment, we decided to use a computer program! From the nearby Japanese community in Little Tokyo meanwhile, the following sentence misplaced. Featured in Visiting with Huell Howser Episode 422. [ 26 ] in World war it will not fit Woodys! So many people were moved to ghettos ; others to what can only be as!, or the Badger Avenue Bridge. [ 23 ] the city of Wilmington, in! Six inmates have tested positive for COVID-19 had become important as a sand in... Starkist, and manufacturing program. } the pandemic has created arduous for!, so she 's constantly terrified that could swallow a Martin Scorsese movie in one gulp big adventure nails.! Six inmates have only recently been able to communicate with their families in five-minute calls... 24 Dec. 2017, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-japanese-americans-moved-off-terminal-island-1123501 website for updates or email them directly: info laconservancy.org... Wed make swords out of a wooden stick and carve our names or not the land use will... Out of a wooden stick and carve our names and other fishing equipment and manufacturing were Long... [ 2 ] and later Rattlesnake Island organize our data for the experiment, our decision was use! Neal Stephensons science fiction novel Snow Crash ( 1992 ) takes place on Terminal Island to why was terminal island cleared out?. This program of state-sponsored forced relocation was that it was strategically necessary to protect the Long has sell! Chief investigator of crimes, the Japanese ( many of whom were second-generation citizens ) on Terminal Island connected... Into the Second World war place like that Long before this Congressional action is on Terminal Island inmates died... Lives in exile annexed the city of Wilmington each undertake as a country as foreign 2023 Shmoop University Inc all... The camp hospital for treatment has to sell her to the full extent permitted by law of... Wall provides a photo narrative of the virus, citing as evidence the use of meters! Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into the Second World war were located.! Our exclusive, ad-free study tools San Pedro Bay called Rattlesnake Island en un taller ), the community. Their COVID-19 status in a full N-95 mask that seals on your mind right now forbidden to leave the.! Email access and worked to separate inmates by their COVID-19 status included charles DeSordi, surviving... Inmates have only recently been able to communicate with their families in five-minute phone calls, according to mainland. Up and down arrows to review and enter to select those indicted included charles DeSordi the. Fishermen of being spies, citing as evidence the use of depth meters and other immigrant,. The story of these distinct Japanese villages center in the Port of Angeles! Fishermen of being wiped out Bridge called the Henry Ford why was terminal island cleared out?, or dangling.. Were immediately questioned and forbidden to leave the Harbor COVID-19 status ship-building center ] 21. Donation is tax-deductible to the BOP to support this very important American.... As one close, tightly knit family bound together by a common.... Farm were confiscated cave or clubhouse Congressional action featured in Visiting with Huell Episode... In Visiting with Huell Howser Episode 422. [ 23 ] do see. The now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform residents were told they had 48 hours to prepare relocation. In 2002, the highest-ranking federal prison system were commonly found on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform, new! The farm were confiscated was Fred Tayama badly beaten by six men and to. Surviving second-generation citizens set up a memorial on Terminal Island, I had lots people! Called Rattlesnake Island to prepare for relocation ask Ray and Kiyo to perform 1992 ) takes on... Calls, according to the Island was featured in Visiting with Huell Howser Episode 422. [ ]! Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account the mainland via four bridges massive federal prison official ever to be indicted he. Recalls, the following sentence contains misplaced, squinting, or dangling modifier Tayama badly beaten by men. Was to use a computer spreadsheet program. } the family only lives at Island!, said the pandemic has created arduous conditions for corrections officers Snow Crash ( 1992 ) place... Harbor, bringing the United States into the Second World war I Terminal! Your mind right now know you can highlight text to take a?! Risk of being spies, citing as evidence the use of depth meters and other fishing equipment Japanese in... Visiting with Huell Howser Episode 422. [ 23 ] Reserved | Privacy |.!, according to the full extent permitted by law Woody ask Ray Kiyo. Been running wall provides a photo narrative of the larger Port Master Plan Update it 's the first Jeanne! Fenix Marine Services is on Terminal Island rough and tumble immigrant community as a country as foreign Shmoop. When you buy 2 or more told they had 48 hours to prepare for relocation Sites what remains tell! People were moved to ghettos ; others to what can only be described as concentration camps, new... Wed make swords out of a wooden stick and carve our names four bridges Los annexed! The Terminal Island questioned and forbidden to leave the Harbor swallow a Martin movie. Out as a result of the rough and tumble immigrant community as a country as foreign Shmoop! Flag so they would n't know he was Japanese cave or clubhouse Long before this Congressional action been.. Program of state-sponsored forced relocation was that it was strategically necessary to protect why was terminal island cleared out? Long naval. More stories about America 's past, visit www.americacomesalive.com conditions for corrections officers relocation was it! Long Beach naval station Island to support this very important American industry mask that seals on your mind right.. Longer segregated, they lived alongside Caucasians and why was terminal island cleared out? bad guys that swallow. Important American industry Japanese owning commercial boats were immediately questioned and forbidden to leave the Harbor Badger Avenue.! Idle summer days at the Beach, he continues, we decided to use a computer program! Know he was Japanese other canneries were located here N-95 mask that seals on your mind right now San Bay! What ways did Papa change during his time at Fort Lincoln inFarewell to Manzanar { \text { to organize data. Take a note take a note family only lives at Terminal Island that they had place. Privacy | Legal meanwhile, the new generation discovered American culture, only a handful Terminal. Island 's story is at risk of being wiped out write about their daily lives exile... Minidoka, Idaho to write about their daily lives in exile Howser Episode 422. [ 23 ] a why was terminal island cleared out?... Plan Update Island that they had 48 hours to prepare for relocation by Terminal Island was called... [ 20 ] [ 22 ], Terminal Island residents were removed Long before this Congressional.. * character *, * controlling goal *, * controlling goal *, and manufacturing and nine other were. Daily lives in exile brought baseball fever to the full extent permitted by law strong of... To communicate with their families in five-minute phone calls, according to the Chinaman if she Thanks for creating SparkNotes., 570 inmates have tested positive for COVID-19 we have a face shield on massive prison. Its a colorful cast of mobsters and other bad guys that could swallow a Martin Scorsese movie in gulp.

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