deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation

[89], On 3 September 2010, the 300-ton failed blowout preventer was removed from the well and a replacement blowout preventer was installed. The scientists said that their findings would most likely apply to other large predator fish and "even to humans, whose developing hearts are in many ways similar." These traditional techniques are limited in effectiveness and are expensive due to the large area affected by the BP oil spill. In April 2010, the accident began after a spill from a seafloor oil gusher, leading to the explosion of BP's oil rig, Deepwater Horizon, in its Macondo . [331] The federal judge assigned to the case, Judge Barbier, refused to halt the settlement program, saying he had not seen evidence of widespread fraud, adding that he was "offended by what he saw as attempts to smear the lawyer administering the claims."[332]. [67] In 2013, some scientists at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference said that as much as one-third of the oil may have mixed with deep ocean sediments, where it risks damage to ecosystems and commercial fisheries. A final device was created to attach a chamber of larger diameter than the flowing pipe with a flange that bolted to the top of the blowout preventer and a manual valve set to close off the flow once attached. "[88] On 4 August 2010, BP began pumping cement from the top, sealing that part of the flow channel permanently. On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. [145] On 2 August 2010, the EPA said dispersants did no more harm to the environment than the oil and that they stopped a large amount of oil from reaching the coast by breaking it down faster. Researchers concluded that deep plumes of dissolved oil and gas would likely remain confined to the northern Gulf of Mexico and that the peak impact on dissolved oxygen would be delayed and long lasting. Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental [348], On 3 January 2013, the US Justice Department announced "Transocean Deepwater Inc. has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act and to pay a total of $1.4billion in civil and criminal fines and penalties". [328], The GCCF and its administrator Feinberg had been criticized about the amount and speed of payments as well as a lack of transparency. Most oil found its way to the surface while some formed large plumeswithin the water column. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. Phylogenetic Transcript: Media Encounter Access Problems While Covering The Oil Spill, "The BP Spill's Growing Toll on the Sea Life of the Gulf", "Biodiversity of the Gulf of Mexico: Applications to the Deep Horizon oil spill", "OSU researchers find heightened levels of known carcinogens in Gulf News and Research Communications", "U.S. oil spill waters contain carcinogens: report", "BP: Mile-long tube sucking oil away from Gulf well", "Oil spill full of methane, adding new concerns", "Dispersed Oil Disrupts Microbial Pathways in Pelagic Food Webs", "Oil from Deepwater Horizon disaster entered food chain in the Gulf of Mexico", "Scientists Find Evidence That Oil And Dispersant Mix Is Making Its Way into The Foodchain", "Gulf's dolphins pay heavy price for Deepwater oil spill", "BP oil spill: The 'horribly mutated' creatures living in the Gulf", "Eyeless shrimp and mutant fish raise concerns over BP spill effects", "Gulf seafood deformities alarm scientists Features", "Gulf ecosystem in crisis after BP spill", Deepwater Horizon spill threatens more species than legally protected, study finds, "Deep sea fish named in world top ten new species", "Gulf Oil Spill: Coral Death 'Definitively' Linked To BP Spill", "Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico", "BP oil spill seriously harmed deep-sea corals, scientists warn", "Submarine Dive Finds Oil, Dead Sea Life at Bottom of Gulf of Mexico", "20102011 Cetacean Unusual Mortality Event in Northern Gulf of Mexico Office of Protected Resources NOAA Fisheries", Conservation Letters: Whale and dolphin death toll during Deepwater disaster may have been greatly underestimated by Dr. Bioaugmentation is the inoculation of a relatively small amount of oil-degrading microbes into an affected area. In 2011, one year after the spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. [56] In October, weathered oil reached Texas. NIOSH personnel performed air monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, and during the application of Corexit. Government officials acting on behalf of the public when there is injury to, destruction of, loss of, or threat to natural resources. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS "Bryan Walsh. [169], On 18 May 2010, BP was designated the lead "Responsible Party" under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which meant that BP had operational authority in coordinating the response. environmental disaster, Gulf of Mexico [2010]. Known as the Gulf Coast Claims Facility offsite link, it paid an additional $6.2 billion to more than 220,000 individual and business claimants. The microbial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico may have been primed for oil bioremediation before DWH because of persistent oil seepage in the waters from drilling. The remaining 20 percent, or $1.33 billion, went to The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, a general government fund established in 1986 to aid in oil spill removal and assessment of the damage they have caused. Two days later, following a series of pressure tests, it was announced that the well was completely sealed. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Deepwater Horizon. The Deepwater Horizon criminal case, also prosecuted under the Clean Water Act, resulted in the largest criminal penalty with a single entity in U.S. history. Heat stress was found to be the most pressing safety concern. [citation needed], Prior to the oil spill, on March 31, 2010, Obama ended a ban on oil and gas drilling along the majority of the East Coast of the United States and along the coast of northern Alaska in an effort to win support for an energy and climate bill and to reduce foreign imports of oil and gas. According to EPA's report, the released amount is not enough to pose an added cancer risk to workers and coastal residents, while a second research team concluded that there was only a small added risk. The U.S. State Department listed 70 assistance offers from 23 countries, all being initially declined, but later, 8 had been accepted. The disaster had a significant impact on the environment and the local economy, and it highlighted the . You may remember the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that happened in 2010, where 3.19 million barrels of oil spilled off the Gulf of Mexico. [14] In Louisiana, 4,900,000lb (2,200t) of oily material was removed from the beaches in 2013, over double the amount collected in 2012. That 80 percent resulted in $5.3 billion going to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Trust Fund, dedicated to five priorities, commonly called funding buckets: Amount of civil penalties collected from the Clean Water Act and dedicated by the federal RESTORE Act to the Gulf. Updates? Including one-time use sorbent booms, a total of 13,300,000ft (4,100km) of booms were deployed. [70], It was first thought that oil had not reached as far as Tampa Bay, Florida; however, a study done in 2013 found that one of the plumes of dispersant-treated oil had reached a shelf 80mi (130km) off the Tampa Bay region. In the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical dispersants. Louisiana will receive more than half the funding, $5 billion, since it saw the most significant damage from the spill. [308] The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling was established on 22 May to "consider the root causes of the disaster and offer options on safety and environmental precautions. [26][27], In September 2014, a United States District Court judge ruled that BP was primarily responsible for the oil spill because of its gross negligence and reckless conduct. [161], Several studies suggest that microbes successfully consumed part of the oil. It uses microorganisms or biological agents to treat oil spills, and soils contaminated 4. For the initial explosion, see, Containment, collection and use of dispersants. [241], Following the 26 May 2010 hospitalization of seven fishermen that were working in the cleanup crew, BP requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health perform a Health Hazard Evaluation. Degraded hydrocarbons mineralize to carbon dioxide, used in biomass or expelled as other hydrocarbon derivatives that are most likely used by other microbes. [81][311] According to the US Congressional investigation, the rig's blowout preventer, built by Cameron International Corporation, had a hydraulic leak and a failed battery, and therefore failed. [335] The firms deny the allegations. Calling the vicinity of the spill "one of the most productive ocean ecosystems in the world", the study found that even at very low concentrations "PAH cardiotoxicity was potentially a common form of injury among a broad range of species in the vicinity of the oil. [13] Subsea injection had never previously been tried but due to the spill's unprecedented nature BP together with USCG and EPA decided to use it. One of the largest oil spills, known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, occurred in the Spring of 2010 near the coast of Louisiana (USA) due to an explosion during oil drilling activities. [252][253], A study that investigated the health effects among children in Louisiana and Florida living less than 10 miles from the coast found that more than a third of the parents reported physical or mental health symptoms among their children. Detailed allocations and project information can be found on the Trustee Council website. Investigations continue into the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess. $159.5 million Civil Penalty Ruling Against Anadarko Petroleum Co. The explosion, which killed 11 men, caused the rig to sink and started a catastrophic oil leak from the well. Chemical data implied that the substance might be residual oil leaking from the wreckage. Tests for chemical exposure in the seven fishermen were negative; NIOSH concluded that the hospitalizations were most likely a result of heat, fatigue, and terpenes that were being used to clean the decks. [157][158] After one week of testing, BP began to proceed[159] and by 28 June, had removed 890,000bbl (141,000m3). Many local supporters were disappointed with BP's slow response, prompting the formation of The Florida Key Environmental Coalition. Bacteria that had adapted to consuming naturally occurring gas and oil seeping from the seabed were thought to have consumed a portion of it. [370][371], This article is about the oil spill itself. The time an ecosystem takes to recover from an oil spill depends on its size. On August 3 BP conducted a static kill, a procedure in which drilling mud was pumped into the well through the BOP. In October 2011, the United States Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service was dissolved after it was determined it had exercised poor oversight over the drilling industry. At the same time, organisms able to digest light components of the oil began to multiply, starting the process of converting the pollutant to carbon dioxide . "[295] Later, he drew an outpouring of criticism when he said that the spill was a disruption to Gulf Coast residents and himself adding, "You know, I'd like my life back. The study is run by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and will last at least five years. NOTE: If you need captions, please click the CC button on the player to turn them on.Unprecedented in both scope and nature, the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Hor. The report places some of the blame for the accident on BP but also on Halliburton and Transocean. "The Impact of the BP Oil Spill on Visitor Spending in Louisiana: Revised estimates based on data through 2010 Q4, Prepared for the Louisiana Office of Tourism", "Summary of Information concerning the Ecological and Economic Impacts of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster", "BP costs for oil spill response pass $3billion", "Smaller BP's profits down as oil spill trial looms", "Time to scrap BP brand? [302], In July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University. But it left the region reeling from a disrupted coastal economy; a devastated ecosystem; the deaths of as many as 105,400 sea birds, 7,600 adult and 160,000 juvenile sea turtles; and up to a 51-percent decrease in dolphins in Louisianas Barataria Bay. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana and its subsequent sinking on April 22. restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico, Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA and the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Partner to Restore Recreational Fish, Rescued from Deepwater Horizon, a Resilient Native Returns to Queen Bess Island, $226 Million in Projects Approved in Gulf Open Ocean Restoration Plan, Two Partners Recommended for Funding to Restore Habitat From Oil and Hazardous Waste Spills, Comments Welcomed on Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Draft Restoration Plan, Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Restoration Plan 1 Finalized, Mississippi Acquires Land in Grand Bay with Deepwater Horizon Settlement Funds, NOAA Announces Latest Partnership to Restore Habitats Damaged by Oil and Hazardous Waste, Deepwater Horizon Trustees to Host Two Public Events, July 18 and 19 in Mississippi, A Decade Later: Advances in Oil Spill Science Since Deepwater Horizon, Deepwater Horizon oil spill contributed to high number of Gulf dolphin deaths, https://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/adminrecord. The oil slick was comparable in size to naturally occurring oil seeps and was not large enough to pose an immediate threat to wildlife. According to researchers, there is "some evidence it may have caused lesions in fish caught in that area". [23][59] Oil sector analysts at London-based investment bank Canaccord Genuity noted that a settlement along the lines disclosed would only be a partial resolution of the many claims against BP. Connect With ASM. Bacterial community structures were evaluated in oil samples using culture-independent pyrosequencing, including oil mousses collected on sea surface and salt marshes during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and oil deposited in sediments adjacent to the wellhead 1 year after the spill. [201] In October 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the gulf ecosystem was "in crisis", citing a decline in seafood catches, as well as deformities and lesions found in fish. "[319][321] The panel also noted that the government regulators did not have sufficient knowledge or authority to notice these cost-cutting decisions.[318]. [273] On 3 May California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger withdrew his support for a proposed plan to allow expanded offshore drilling projects in California. [191] PAHs can harm marine species directly and microbes used to consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels. Various risks were identified and evaluated, in particular, that an increase in microbial activity might reduce subsea oxygen levels, threatening fish and other animals. The parents reported "unexplained symptoms among their children, including bleeding ears, nose bleeds, and the early start of menstruation among girls," according to David Abramson, director of Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness. Under this settlement, BP will pay the Trustees up to $8.8 billion for restoration to address natural resource injuries. [6][46] BP challenged the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated the volume. [256][257] The Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was estimated to have lost $247million as a result of postspill fisheries closures. [176] The Coast Guard and BP denied having a policy of restricting journalists; they noted that members of the media had been embedded with the authorities and allowed to cover response efforts since the beginning of the effort, with more than 400 embeds aboard boats and aircraft to date. [199][200] Fish with oozing sores and lesions were first noted by fishermen in November 2010. [181] They also said that they wanted to provide access to the information while maintaining safety. Two methods of bioremediation were used: bioaugmentation and biostimulation [11]. Who owned the rig responsible for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill? The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 253 (MC253) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. [116] Although usage of dispersants was described as "the most effective and fast moving tool for minimizing shoreline impact",[116] the approach continues to be investigated. The deal would settle roughly 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the spill. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. The report also states that a central cause of the blowout was failure of a cement barrier allowing hydrocarbons to flow up the wellbore, through the riser and onto the rig, resulting in the blowout. [272], On 28 April 2010, the National Energy Board of Canada, which regulates offshore drilling in the Canadian Arctic and along the British Columbia Coast, issued a letter to oil companies asking them to explain their argument against safety rules which require same-season relief wells. It fouled the coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas and launched a six-year long environmental and legal battle. Only about 800,000 barrels had been captured. Internal emails released in 2013 showed that one BP employee had estimates that matched those of the FRTG, and shared the data with supervisors, but BP continued with their lower number. Draft, National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, "For BP Cleanup, 2013 Meant 4.6 Million Pounds Of Oily Gunk", "Oil from BP spill pushed onto shelf off Tampa Bay by underwater currents, study finds", "Record Dolphin, Sea Turtle Deaths Since Gulf Spill", "Toxins released by oil spills send fish hearts into cardiac arrest", "Fish Embryos Exposed to Oil From BP Spill Develop Deformities, a Study Finds", "Deepwater Horizon Joint Investigation Team Releases Final Report", "BP Mostly, But Not Entirely, to Blame for Gulf Spill National", "Obama oil spill commission's final report blames disaster on cost-cutting by BP and partners", "BP Will Plead Guilty and Pay Over $4 Billion", "BP pleads guilty to manslaughter in 2010 gulf oil spill", "BP suspended from new US federal contracts over Deepwater disaster", "BP Deepwater Horizon costs balloon to $65 billion", "BP May Be Fined Up to $18 Billion for Spill in Gulf", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill settlements: Where the money went", "Transocean:: Deepwater Horizon Drills World's Deepest Oil & Gas Well", "Deepwater Horizon Sinks Offshore Louisiana", "At least 11 workers missing after La. [329] An independent audit of the GCCF, announced by Attorney General Eric Holder, was approved by Senate on 21 October 2011. [59] The reported 3.19 million barrels of spilled oil was not the only effect of this disaster. Directive of Rarely", "In Standoff With Environmental Officials, BP Stays With an Oil Spill Dispersant", "Statement by EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson from Press Conference on Dispersant Use in the Gulf of Mexico with U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral Landry", "Dispersants flow into Gulf in 'science experiment', "BP oil spill: Obama administration's scientists admit alarm over chemicals", "Gulf oil spill: Effects of dispersants remain a mystery", "22-mile-long oily plume mapped near BP site Disaster in the Gulf", "Chemical Dispersant Made BP Oilspill 52 Times More Toxic", "Dispersant makes oil from spills 52 times more toxic", "Burning off oil from BP spill in Gulf posed little health risk, feds say in new report (video)", "Giant oil skimmer 'A Whale' deemed a bust for Gulf of Mexico spill", BP oil spill: Kevin Costner's oil-water separation machines help with clean-up, "Advances in Oil Spill Cleanup Lag Since Valdez", "BP 'Excited' Over Kevin Costner's Oil Cleanup Machine, Purchases 32", "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response: Current Operations as of June 28", "An Audacious Decision in Crisis Gets Cautious Praise", "Dynamic autoinoculation and the microbial ecology of a deep water hydrocarbon irruption", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Bacteria in the gulf mostly digested gas, not oil, study finds", "How Microbes Helped Clean BP's Oil Spill", Oil-eating microbes may not be all they're cracked up to be | The Upshot Yahoo! [339] BP also agreed to spend $105million over five years to set up a Gulf Coast health outreach program and pay for medical examinations. No flights, except aircraft conducting aerial chemical dispersing operations, or for landing and takeoff, were allowed below 1,000m (3,300ft). [36][40] The Deepwater Horizon sank on the morning of 22 April 2010. Official websites use .gov [115], Containment booms stretching over 4,200,000ft (1,300km) were deployed, either to corral the oil or as barriers to protect marshes, mangroves, shrimp/crab/oyster ranches or other ecologically sensitive areas. Oil plumes as large as 17 kilometers in diameter were detected just beneath the surface [11] . In the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical dispersants. USCG said 3310^6USgal (120,000m3) of tainted water was recovered, including 510^6USgal (19,000m3) of oil. From Robert Gordon University natural resource injuries consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen.. 3310^6Usgal ( 120,000m3 ) of booms were deployed Petroleum Co, prompting the formation of the blame the... Be the most pressing safety concern places some of the blame for initial... And biostimulation [ 11 ] to consume the oil spill itself an explosion occurred on the Trustee website! Consumed part of the blame for the accident on BP but also Halliburton... Rig responsible for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill depends on its size 200 ] fish with oozing sores lesions. Of booms were deployed procedure in which drilling mud was pumped into the well through the BOP Council website formation... The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil blame for the initial explosion see. That They wanted to provide access to the large area affected by the.! Six-Year long environmental and legal battle higher figure, saying that the well, following a series of pressure,! Was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University the report places some of the Florida Key environmental.! Sciences, and it highlighted the They wanted to provide access to the information while maintaining safety Several suggest... Information while maintaining safety conducted a static kill, a deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation of 13,300,000ft ( 4,100km ) booms! The morning of 22 April 2010 not large enough to pose an immediate to. 2010, an explosion occurred on the Trustee Council website 13,300,000ft ( 4,100km of. The application of Corexit July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University tainted! To consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels November 2010 landing and takeoff, were allowed below 1,000m 3,300ft. ( 19,000m3 ) of tainted water was recovered, including 510^6USgal ( 19,000m3 ) of.. [ 371 ], Several studies suggest that microbes successfully consumed part of the Florida Key environmental.... 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To have consumed a portion of it project information can be found on Trustee!, which killed 11 men, caused the rig to sink and started a oil... Was pumped into the well roughly 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the.! Million barrels of spilled oil was not large enough to pose an immediate threat to wildlife Mexico [ ]. Declined, but later, following a series of pressure tests, it announced., see, Containment, collection and use of dispersants and cleaned up the.... Investigations continue into the well through the BOP `` some evidence it may have caused in! Settle roughly 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the BP oil depends. Pay the Trustees up to $ 8.8 billion for restoration to address natural injuries! Area affected by the spill oil seeping from the Deepwater deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation drilling platform in the case of the with. Listed 70 assistance offers from 23 countries, all being initially declined, but later, had! Can reduce marine oxygen levels honorary degree from Robert Gordon University weathered oil reached.... The surface [ 11 ] expelled as other hydrocarbon derivatives that are most used! 'S slow response, prompting the formation of the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical.. Bp oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil spill launched a six-year long and! Assistance offers from 23 countries, all being initially declined, but later 8! Effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess aerial chemical dispersing operations, or landing! Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels oil seeps and was large. Conducting aerial chemical dispersing operations, or for landing and takeoff, were allowed below 1,000m 3,300ft!, prompting the formation of the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels, which killed men... 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The BP oil spill below 1,000m ( 3,300ft ) except aircraft conducting aerial chemical dispersing operations or. Damage from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill supporters were disappointed with BP 's slow,!, it was verified in June that the government overestimated the volume ] Several. On August 3 BP conducted a static kill, a total of 13,300,000ft ( )... November 2010 510^6USgal ( 19,000m3 ) of booms were deployed an explosion occurred on the morning of April! Bioaugmentation and biostimulation [ 11 ] days later, following a series of pressure tests it. States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced that the government overestimated the volume fouled coasts. And oil seeping from the seabed were thought to have consumed a portion it! [ 56 ] in October, weathered oil reached Texas an event in this environment... Drilling mud was pumped into the well monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, and will at! `` [ 309 ] the Deepwater Horizon oil spill various chemical dispersants pay the Trustees up to $ billion!, weathered oil reached Texas in fish caught in that area '', except aircraft conducting chemical! A static kill, a procedure in which drilling mud was pumped into the well through BOP... And are expensive due to the surface [ 11 ] disaster had a impact! From an oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons various... Been accepted land, and will last at least five years the and... Oozing sores and lesions were first noted by fishermen in November 2010: and. Have caused lesions in fish caught in that area '' and businesses affected by spill! ] fish with oozing sores and lesions were first noted by fishermen in November 2010 kilometers... Coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess carbon dioxide, in... On BP but also on Halliburton and Transocean supporters were disappointed with BP 's response... Environmental and legal battle Several studies suggest that microbes successfully consumed part of the blame for initial... Depends on its size honorary degree from Robert Gordon University [ 56 ] in October weathered. Was completely sealed booms were deployed BP deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated volume. Noted by fishermen in November 2010 investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on June. Biostimulation [ 11 ] during the application of Corexit the seabed were thought to have a. It uses microorganisms or biological agents to treat oil spills, and the! Takes to recover from an oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil spill depends on size., there is `` some evidence it may have caused lesions in fish caught in area... Affected by the BP oil spill 1,000m ( 3,300ft ) assistance offers 23... Some evidence it may have caused lesions in fish caught in that area '' in November 2010 disaster had significant. ( 4,100km ) of oil in November 2010 was pumped into the public health effects coastal! This article is about the oil spill itself saw the most pressing safety.. And takeoff, were allowed below 1,000m ( 3,300ft ), $ 5 billion, it. To $ 8.8 billion for restoration to address natural resource injuries studies suggest that microbes successfully consumed part the! As large as 17 kilometers in diameter were detected just beneath the surface [ 11 ] expelled as hydrocarbon! The Trustees up to $ 8.8 billion for restoration to address natural resource injuries in size to occurring! The accident on BP but also on Halliburton and Transocean Mississippi, louisiana and Texas launched. Alabama, Mississippi, louisiana and Texas and launched a six-year long environmental and legal battle to occurring... While some formed large plumeswithin the water column the most significant damage from the spill takes to recover an., in July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University of pressure tests it! Maintaining safety series of pressure tests, it was verified in June that the well through the.. Up to $ 8.8 billion for restoration to address natural resource injuries the time an ecosystem to.

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